You'll need something to handle the (4) discrete analog channels as 4 inputs on the computer, then software that will allow you to assign each of those inputs to their own dedicated track so when you hit "record" it starts capturing them all simultaneously/keeps them lined up....
I've just ordered my first Q4 tapes and they should be here shortly. I also have several sealed CD-4 records I collected during this renovation that haven't been played yet. I would like to back up the nice CD-4 records but especially the tapes.
1. What hardware do I need to connect my quad receiver's Rec Out rca jacks to a Macbook Pro in order to make multichannel flac backups?
2. What software do I need to record and play back multichannel flac files?
See if Behringer or Presonus make a 4 channel/input usb audio interface that's compatible with your Mac's operating system. I'm pretty sure Presonus has solid Mac support. I mention these two brands because they're on the lower end and you don't need anything sophisticated for basic recording i nthe manner you're looking to accomplish.
Reaper is Mac compatible and free to use, this should allow assignment and capture of the individual tracks. Garageband is available for the Mac and has multitracking capability, but I've heard it has limitations and may not allow you to capture all 4 channels at the same time.
Since I've never made a surround FLAC someone else would need to chime in with the process for accomplishing that. I'd imagine it can be done with Foobar 2000 with the correct settings or plugin.